TDNet Discover

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a popular medication for the treatment of acid-related conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, for prophylaxis for ulcers in patients on long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and for the treatment of ulcers in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. While a consensus has not been reached on all the possible adverse effects of long-term PPI use, the large number of people chronically taking these drugs should question their long-term safety profile. The purpose of this review is to determine the adverse effects associated with long-term PPI use among the adult population (>18 years of age). This systematic literature review searched PubMed, Discover, and Health Source – Consumer Edition. Search terms included “proton pump inhibitor,” “long-term use,” adverse effects,” and “chronic use.” Seven peerreviewed articles were independently reviewed and evaluated for quality by three researchers. Data was collectively extracted by three researchers for a qualitative analysis. Results of this review brought forth six major categories of adverse effects: malabsorption, bone density abnormalities, hematologic effects, serum gastrin and gastric histology, dementia, and death. Specific findings included increased risk for nutrient malabsorption in specific populations, consistently increased serum gastrin levels, increased risk for gastric hyperplasia in H. pylori positive patients, and a correlation with increased all-cause mortality. This research provides healthcare professionals with a comprehensive synopsis of the risks associated with long-term PPI use. The researchers hope the findings will provide either alternative treatment options or advice for more efficient monitoring in patients who might be at high risk for adverse effects.