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Current NPO guidelines focus on the prevention and early identification of gastric contents to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Historically, anesthesia practitioners have often lacked knowledge and skill in performing gastric ultrasound. A literature search was conducted to identify the feasibility and utility of gastric ultrasound in the perioperative period in supporting the development of a gastric ultrasound training program for providers with previous experience with ultrasonography. Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline were searched for peer-reviewed literature that met pre-search inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included articles published within 6 years with primary outcomes related to gastric ultrasonography within the perioperative period. Case studies/case-controlled studies were excluded due to a lower level of evidence. Based on the literature reviewed, all articles supported using gastric ultrasound as a potential diagnostic tool in the perioperative period. Current literature supporting the use of gastric ultrasound is limited concerning studies involving experienced providers' utilization of gastric ultrasound. However, gastric ultrasonography can promote early detection of gastric volumes, provide real-time anatomy identification, and potentially improve anesthetic and safety outcomes. Gastric ultrasonography is an essential tool anesthesia practitioners should utilize within the perioperative and intraoperative periods.