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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world, yet symptomatic relief and ultimate invasive surgical procedures remain the mainstay of treatment. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) is emerging as a possible, curative alternative to the current band-aid approach to treatment. Objective: This article aims to investigate the claim that MSCT is more effective than conventional treatments in regenerating lost cartilage and providing long-term treatment options for patients with OA. Study Design: A systematic review of the literature was performed in an attempt to answer this hypothesis. Methods: Current literature was found using an electronic database and narrowed down based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, a systematic review, a meta-analysis, and a randomized control trial were reviewed using a qualitative, comparative analysis. Results: All three articles agree that MSCT decreases pain and is a safe option. In addition, clinical benefits were found regardless of cell source or route of administration, and favorable factors for improved outcomes were discovered. However, histological findings and MRI comparisons between MSCT patients and control groups remain controversial. Conclusion: MSCT is a safe option for reducing patient pain, increasing function, and effectively regenerating cartilage;however, further level I research is needed to evaluate the long-term curative efficacy of these methods as well as to determine the best mesenchymal cell source and route of administration.