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Background: Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare complication of pregnancy that has severe complications and poor outcomes. It is a fatal medical condition that occurs when amniotic fluid enters the maternal circulatory system causing acute and rapid collapse of a mother and her fetus. With no valid diagnostic criteria, it is not well understood and as a result, causes high morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: The goal of this study was to perform a general literature review of AFE to determine identifiable risk factors and the most favorable treatment protocol. With a better understanding of the causes and risk factors of AFE, fatality and complications can be dramatically reduced. Currently, there are no screening exams in place for a gravid female;our research aims to determine risk factors and genetic components affiliated with AFE. Methods: To better understand AFE, the risk factors associated, and current treatment, a systematic approach was utilized by studying peer-reviewed articles, including population-based cohort studies and systematic reviews. Results: Incidence of AFE is low at 2.5 per 100,000 (Kramer, Rouleau, Liu, Bartholomew, & Joseph, 2012). The more common risk factors for AFE have been determined to be maternal hemorrhage, acute fetal compromise, advanced maternal age, multiple gestation, placenta previa, instrumental vaginal delivery, and induction of labor. Treatment of AFE remains supportive care to maintain patient vitals, with the goal being to correct hypoxemia and coagulation. Permanent neurologic deficits and right and/or left sided heart failure were the most common complications for women who survived. Conclusion: Many factors exist that place women at risk for AFE, and providers need to be aware of these factors to be prepared should AFE occur. As of 2018, treatment guidelines are lacking, and institution-based protocol should be implemented in all facilities with a labor and delivery unit.