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The purpose of this quantitative study was to compare minority and non-minority students' graduation and dropout rates by comparing the two groups using secondary data from California higher education institutions. For the utility of this study, the differences between minority and non-minority students was generally defined as an exploration of the lack of equality between graduation and dropout rates of both sets of students. This study was guided by two research questions using the theoretical framework critical race theory (CRT). The first research question was, “What is the difference between minority students’ graduation rates and non-minority students’ graduation rates in higher education institutions in California?” The second research question was, “What is the difference between minority students’ dropout rates and non-minority students’ dropout rates in higher education institutions in California?” The population for the study was minority and non-minority students, who attended 138 Title IV four-year higher education institutions in California. The population included the following minority groups: Black, Asian, Native American, Hispanic, and Pacific Islander and non-minority White students. The data was analyzed using the paired-sample t-test and the chi-square test with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A statistical difference was found for both hypotheses, and the alternative hypotheses were accepted for both research questions. Based on the results of the study, minority students struggle with lower graduation rates and higher dropout rates in comparison to their non-minority peers. This study does not determine causation, and future research can look at causes and ways to increase minority rates inside higher education.